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Table 1: Patients characteristics.

Total group ($N=168$) Men ($N=103$) Women ($N=65$) $P$-value Age, years 63.6$\pm$9.1 (39–85) 65.9$\pm$8.6 60.0$\pm$8.7 $<$ .001 FEV1, $\%$predicted 44.3$\pm$18.5 45.06$\pm$18.1 43.12$\pm$19.2 .0510  GOLD I, $\%$ 6.0 6.8 4.6 .402  GOLD II, $\%$ 24.6 24.3 26.2  GOLD III, $\%$ 26.3 30.1 20.0  GOLD IV, $\%$ 43.1 38.8 49.2 Arterial blood gas  pH 7.43$\pm$0.03 7.44$\pm$0.03 7.43$\pm$0.03 .078  ${\text{PaCO}}_2$, kPa 5.4$\pm$0.8 5.4$\pm$0.9 5.6$\pm$0.7 .106  ${\text{PaO}}_2$, kPa 9.5$\pm$1.4 9.5$\pm$1.5 9.4$\pm$1.3 .466  ${\text{SO}}_2\text{,}$$\%$ 95$\pm$3 94$\pm$3 95$\pm$2 .536 Smoking  Ex-Smoker*, % 66.7 71.8 58.5 .073  Pack Years 38.8$\pm$15.5 38.9$\pm$15.0 38.8$\pm$1603 .960 BMI, $\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^2$ 24.7$\pm$4.4 24.7$\pm$4.4 24.7$\pm$4.5 .960  Low, $\%$ 20.8 21.4 20.0 .561  Normal, $\%$ 30.4 33.0 26.2  High, $\%\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$ 38.1 34.0 44.6  Obese, $\%$ 10.7 11.7 9.2 FFMI, $\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^2$ 16.1$\pm$2.1 16.8$\pm$2.0 15.1$\pm$1.8 $<$ .001  Normal/Low, $\%$ 58.9/41.1 61.2/38.8 55.4/44.6 .458 Whole body DXA  BMD, $\text{g}/{\text{cm}}^2$ 1.079$\pm$0.118 1.113$\pm$0.114 1.025$\pm$0.103 $<$ .001  T-score $-$1.3$\pm$1.4 $-$1.3$\pm$1.4 $-$1.3$\pm$1.3 .762  Normal BMD, $\%$ 40.5 41.7 38.5 .075  Osteopenia, $\%$ 36.9 31.1 46.2 .217  Osteoporosis, $\%$ 22.6 27.2 15.4 .081 DXA hip  BMD, $\text{g}/{\text{cm}}^2$ 0.827$\pm$0.149 0.858$\pm$0.146 0.779$\pm$0.143 .001  T-score $-$1.7$\pm$1.1 $-$1.6$\pm$1.1 $-$1.9$\pm$1.0 .151  Normal BMD, $\%$ 22.6 25.2 18.5 .400  Osteopenia, $\%$ 52.4 53.4 52.3  Osteoporosis, $\%$ 25.0 21.4 29.2 DXA LS  BMD, $\text{g}/{\text{cm}}^2$ 1.065$\pm$0.215 1.088$\pm$0.211 1.027$\pm$0.218 .074  T-score $-$1.3$\pm$1.8 $-$1.2$\pm$1.8 $-$1.4$\pm$1.8 .471  Normal BMD, $\%$ 39.3 44.7 30.8 .198  Osteopenia, $\%$ 33.3 30.1 38.5  Osteoporosis, $\%$ 27.4 25.2 30.8 DXA hip and LS  Normal BMD, $\%$ 15.5 19.4 10.8 .175  Osteopenia, $\%$ 45.8 46.6 43.1  Osteoporosis, $\%$ 38.7 34.0 46.2 6MWD, m ($n=165$) 420.61$\pm$135.66 454.41$\pm$132.57 368.62$\pm$124.28 $<$ .001  Oral corticosteroids, $\%$ 17,9 18.4 16.9 .802  Daily dose#, mg 5.9±2.1 (2.5–10) 6.1±2.1 5.7±2.3 .653 Inhaled 85.7$\%$ 83.5 89.2 .301  corticosteroids, $\%$

Results are presented as means ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated. *Rest of the patients are current smokers. #Only patients using oral corticosteroids on a daily base ($n=30$). Abbreviations: FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in the first second; GOLD = Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and prevention of COPD; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI = body mass index; FFMI = fat free mass index; DXA = dual energy absorptiometry; BMD = bone mineral density; LS = lumbar spine; 6MWD = six minutes walking distance; m = meters; PaCO2 = arterial carbon dioxide tension; PaO2 = Arterial oxygen tension; SO2 = Oxygen saturation.